The hydraulic system of an excavator consists of several components that work together to power and control the machine. Here are the main components of an excavator hydraulic system:

Hydraulic Pump: The hydraulic pump is the heart of the hydraulic system. It is responsible for generating hydraulic pressure by converting mechanical power from the engine into hydraulic power. The pump supplies pressurized hydraulic fluid to the other components.

Hydraulic Fluid: Hydraulic fluid, also known as hydraulic oil, is the medium used to transmit power in the hydraulic system. It is stored in a reservoir and circulated by the hydraulic pump. The hydraulic fluid provides lubrication, cooling, and sealing properties.

Control Valves: Control valves regulate the flow and direction of hydraulic fluid in the system. They are responsible for controlling the movement of the excavator's hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors. Control valves can be manually operated or electronically controlled, depending on the excavator's design.

Hydraulic Cylinders: Hydraulic cylinders are devices that convert hydraulic fluid pressure into linear force and movement. In an excavator, hydraulic cylinders are used to control the boom, arm, and bucket movements. They extend and retract to provide the necessary lifting, digging, and dumping actions.

Hydraulic Motors: Hydraulic motors convert hydraulic fluid pressure into rotational mechanical power. They are used in excavators to drive various components, such as the tracks or wheels for movement, as well as auxiliary attachments like hydraulic hammers or augers.

Hydraulic Filters: Hydraulic filters are essential for maintaining the cleanliness of the hydraulic fluid. They remove contaminants and particles from the fluid, preventing damage to the hydraulic components and ensuring smooth operation of the system.

Hydraulic Hoses and Fittings: Hydraulic hoses and fittings connect the various components of the hydraulic system, allowing the flow of hydraulic fluid between them. They need to be durable, flexible, and properly sealed to withstand high pressures and prevent leaks.

These are the primary components of an excavator hydraulic system. Each component plays a crucial role in powering and controlling the excavator's movements and attachments.